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Scottish Conservative leader Douglas Ross has said there is no evidence to suggest vaccine passports do anything to stop the spread of Covid-19.
The Scottish government will decide on Tuesday if the scheme that came into effect in Scotland last month will be extended to include other settings.
Mr Ross told BBC Scotland: "Where is the evidence that these vaccine passports actually work?"
He added: "Their own 70-page document can't tell us."
Covid case numbers are currently much lower than during the most recent peak in August, but they have been slowly climbing again in recent weeks.
The Scottish government is worried about the impact this could have on the NHS over winter.
Currently, people attending nightclubs and other large events such as football matches, have to show they have been double jabbed, but Nicola Sturgeon said the scheme could be widened to include theatres, cinemas and other hospitality venues.
Any extension to the scheme would start on 6 December.
Mr Ross told the BBC Scotland Sunday Show: "I think this is absolutely wrong to be putting this added pressure and burden onto businesses at such short notice.
"Two weeks ago we were told to tune in [to the government statement] this week, this week we were told to tune in next week and businesses don't know where they're going.
"I want them to explain why they couldn't take a decision, if they are going to extend vaccine passports and what is that going to mean for the businesses that are already saying this will not be workable."
He added: "We know from many studies already that businesses are strongly opposed to any extension, and we've had no idea apart from the first minister and deputy first minister saying some other hospitality venues may be affected, which ones?
"I've asked two weeks running, 'which businesses should be preparing for the expansion of the vaccine passport scheme?' and they failed to tell those businesses, therefore they can't prepare properly."
Silkie Carlo, from civil liberties group Big Brother Watch. told the programme: " It seems it's our freedoms that are being sacrificed time and time again, even when there is no evidence base. In Scotland, you've had covid passports for almost two months....... but we can see it hasn't worked so why is it we are looking on Tuesday at extending the scheme when there's not a scrap of evidence that this has had any positive impact.
"Rather than seeing this as an opportunity and people feeling empowered to make health choices that do have proven benefits in terms of protecting you from hospitalisation and death if you're vulnerable to that, instead we're entering into this punitive environment where it's about policing and spot checking and locking unvaccinated people up and now mandatory vaccines [in Europe]. This is incredibly dangerous territory."
She added: "When you talk about spot checking in public places, who is most likely to be spot checked by police? Who is going to be punished by this system the most? there ae some very serious issues here so give that the balance is not clearly working and there are these issues for civil liberties this scheme should be scrapped, not extended."
Prof Roland Kao, an epidemiologist from Edinburgh University tod the Sunday Show that meeting indoors, particularly with large numbers of people was a risk for onward transmission of the virus.
"If you're reducing contact of unvaccinated people with others in high-risk situations, they will contribute positively. We allow all sorts of restrictions on our behaviour if they have the abiity to harm others.
"We have restrictions on speed and things like seatbelts so it's not an either/or. We need to do a balance between what the restrictions are doing to individuals and what the application of the measures do in terms of preventing harm to others. And we know the vaccines work."
The Scottish government has been contacted for comment.
BBC Scotland is keen to hear what questions you have about vaccine passports.
Any changes would come into effect on 6 December. It could extend the scheme to indoor cinemas, theatres and some other licensed and hospitality premises.
Until now, the scheme has covered nightclubs and large events.
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